The invention relates to the technical field of mass spectrometry, and provides a method for measuring time evolution of laser ablation plasma species based on mass-spectrometer measurement. The method comprises the following steps of: step 1: placing a target in a vacuum extraction field chamber of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, adjusting a laser light path, and selecting a space range selection separation blade meeting the measurement requirements; step 2, setting a laser, a high-voltage pulse electric field, and a door opening timing sequence and a gate width between ion detectors through a digital delay pulse generator and a LabVIEW virtual experiment platform control program; step 3, after a laser ablation target of each pulse generates plasma, causing ions satisfying specific conditions to enter a vacuum field-free drift chamber to obtain mass spectrometry data; and step 4, transmitting the collected mass spectrometry data to a computer, and performing processing and displayto obtain get corresponding ion species information. The method provided by the invention can be used for detecting the time evolution of multi-charged ions in the plasma at the same time.