The invention discloses a method for calculating absorption energy and residual voltage of a line lightning arrester under multiple lightning stroke actions. Current power transmission line lightningarrester protection effectiveness calculation and verification only consider a single lightning stroke situation, the power transmission line can be subjected to multiple lightning stroke, namely multiple lightning stroke processes; the energy is injected into the lightning arrester at each time, and at the moment, the energy absorbed by the lightning arrester can exceed the single lightning stroke condition. Based on a line lightning arrester lightning stroke calculation model, the temperature rise of a lightning arrester resistance sheet caused by each lightning stroke is calculated, and anampere characteristic curve of the lightning arrester absorption energy and residual pressure calculation process in the follow-up lightning stroke is updated; and finally the absorption energy of thelightning arrester in each lightning stroke is accumulated, and the insulating interval residual voltage of each lightning stroke is combined, and the total absorption energy and residual voltage ofthe lightning arrester is obtained. According to the method, the influence of each lightning stroke on the volt-ampere characteristics of the lightning arrester is considered, so that the absorption energy and residual voltage of the line lightning arrester under the multiple lightning stroke actions can be more accurately calculated.