The invention provides a laser raman and laser fluorescence-based water surface oil film thickness measurement method. The method comprises the following steps that a total attenuation coefficient A is measured in advance; a saturation fluorescence constant C is measured in advance, wherein the value is equal to the ratio of the intensity of an oil saturation fluorescence signal at the oil film covering part at the same distance from the detection system to the surface of the water film to the intensity of a water raman signal after subtracting the fluorescence background in the position without oil film; in a to-be-tested water area, the water raman signal intensity IR after ignoring the fluorescence background in the position without the oil film at the same distance from the water surface to the detection system, and the fluorescent signal intensity If(d) in the position with the wavelength of lambda f at the oil film covering position are measured onsite; and according to a formula, the thickness of the oil film in the water area to be measured is calculated, wherein d is the thickness of the oil film, A is the total attenuation coefficient, and C is the saturation fluorescenceconstant; the thickness of the water surface oil film can be obtained at different distances, the measurement range of the thickness of the oil film is relatively wide, and great significance is achieved for the practical application of the non-contact water surface oil film thickness measurement technology.