The invention relates to a verticality adjustment mechanism and a three-coordinate measuring machine. The mechanism comprises an adjusting plate, a T-shaped seat and a linear guide rail assembly, a ball platform is connected to the side surface of the adjusting plate, three first threaded holes are formed in the side surface of the adjusting plate, and are positioned in the outer side of the ballplatform, the T-shaped seat comprises a horizontal plate and a vertical plate fixed to the horizontal plate, a ball socket which matches the ball platform is formed in the side surface of the verticalplate, the vertical plate is provided with first screw holes, the first screw holes are connected with the corresponding threaded holes via angle adjusting members, the linear guide rail assembly comprises two slide blocks and one slide rail, the upper surface of each slide block is provided with second threaded holes, the horizontal plate is provided with second step holes coaxial with the second threaded holes, and the second step holes are connected with the corresponding threaded holes via second screws. A quartz ceramic material is used for the axis Z. The coordinate measuring machine ishigh in measuring efficiency, simple in structure, and low in manufacturing cost and maintenance workload.