The invention relates to a 3D bio-printer head control device and a material changing control method of a head, and belongs to the technical field of 3D bio-printer head control. The technical problemto be solved is to provide a 3D bio-printer head structure, a hardware structure of a control device and improvement of the material changing control method of the head. According to the technical scheme used for solving the technical problem, the device comprises a motor control frame, a printing head and a material changing device, wherein the motor control frame is arranged at the top of the 3D bio-printer, a stepping motor is arranged on one side of the motor control frame, two ends of the motor control frame extend outwards and are provided with fixed beams, a threaded shaft is arrangedon the fixed beams, the threaded shaft drives a printing device to move on the Y-axis printing plane through the stepping motor; and the printing device comprises a connecting end and a fixing end, wherein the connecting end is fixedly connected with the fixing end through a bolt, the connecting end is in transmission connection with the threaded shaft, a fixing clamp is arranged at the extendingend of the fixing end, and the fixing clamp is used for clamping a printing head. The control device is applied to the 3D bio-printer.