The invention provides a sampling and measurement device for civil engineering construction. The sampling and measurement device comprises a construction motor vehicle, a lift device arranged on the construction motor vehicle, a support frame fixed to the bottom portion of the lift device, and a sampling device and a punning and measuring device, which are arranged on the support frame. The devicehas the following advantages: through cooperation of a sampling hydraulic cylinder and a sampling ring cutter, sampling can be realized quickly, and sampling is convenient to operate; and through cooperation of a punning and measuring hydraulic cylinder and a punning die, a sampled soil block can be tightly pressed conveniently, and a measurement pressure plate can be installed at the lower end of the punning and measuring hydraulic cylinder to measure the bearing force of the soil block after being tightly pressed, thereby facilitating measurement of the soil sample. The invention also provides a measurement method of the sampling and measurement device for civil engineering construction. The method is simple and convenient to operate, can accurately simulate the soil sample conditions after punning, and is accurate in data measurement and collection.