The invention discloses an anti-seepage structure without an anchoring ditch and an anchoring platform. The anti-seepage structure comprises anchor rod steel bars, a grouting pipe, a spray anchor steel bar net, a waist beam, geomembrane anchoring connecting pieces and a geomembrane. The anchor rod steel bars are of L-shaped structures, the long sides of the anchor rod steel bars are driven into holes in the side slope where a first surface layer concrete protection slope is condensed, the grouting pipe extends into the holes to inject anchoring mortar, the side slope is covered with the sprayanchor steel bar net, and the short sides of the anchor rod steel bars are clamped and embedded in the side slope; and the waist beam is welded with the adjacent anchor rod steel bars, the geomembraneanchoring connecting pieces are fixed outside the anchor rod steel bars and the waist beam, and the geomembrane is fixed on the geomembrane anchoring connecting pieces. By means of the technical scheme, the anti-seepage structure of the heavy metal tailing side slope does not need an anchoring ditch or an anchoring platform, the labor intensity is low, the mechanization degree is high, the construction period is short, the provided anchoring force is large, and the requirements for the anti-seepage structure and the stability of the anti-seepage structure under the high side slope condition are effectively met.