The invention discloses an experimental device and method for evaluating the ability of a friction spark for ignition of dust. A friction spark generation device is disposed on an exterior of a left side of an explosion container box; a left side wall of the explosion container box is provided with an adjustable friction spark injection hole; a plurality of movable baffle horizontal arrays are hinged on the top of an inner wall of the explosion container box; a plurality of flat dust atomizing nozzle vertical arrays are arranged on a right side wall of the explosion container box; outlet endsof the plurality of flat dust atomizing nozzles are disposed facing to the plurality of movable baffles in one-to-one correspondence; inlet ends of the plurality of flat dust atomizing nozzle verticalarrays are connected with a dust blowing device; and the electric spark generator is disposed at an interior of the explosion container box. According to the experimental device and method for evaluating the ability of the friction spark for ignition of dust disclosed by the invention, the fire ability test requirements of the friction spark for ignition of dust cloud and dust layer are satisfied, the method for representing the friction spark energy by use of the electric spark energy is effectively improved under the current situation that the friction spark energy cannot be accurately quantified in the prior art, and the gap of the existing mechanical friction spark ignition ability test standard is effectively remedied.