The invention discloses a two-degree-of-freedom railway open wagon material leveling device. The device comprises a door type fixing frame, a lifting and material leveling device, a longitudinal driving device and a control system, the door type fixing frame is arranged on the railway track in a spanning mode, the lifting and material leveling device and the longitudinal driving device are arranged on the door type fixing frame, and the control system is connected to the lifting and material leveling device and the longitudinal driving device. The lifting and material leveling device providedwith a material leveling scrap plate is installed on a travelling rail on a longitudinal beam of a door type fixing frame, the longitudinal driving device moves on the travelling rail of the door typefixing frame along the railway track direction, and the control system controls the material leveling device to carry out layering and material leveling operation back and forth by utilizing the information provided by a sensor, a loading system and a vehicle adjusting system. The two-degree-of-freedom railway open wagon material leveling device has the advantages that the automatic and mechanical material leveling operation of the railway open wagon after loading is realized.