The invention relates to an industrial CT scanning method based on multi-layer fan-beam scanning, and belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing. The industrial CT scanning method includes the steps that the projection angle is made to be beta, an X-ray source and a linear array detector scan at Z=Z and collect projection data, the X-ray source and the linear array detector aresynchronously and horizontally moved from Z=Z to Z=Z along the Z axis and collect the projection data, the X-ray source and the linear array detector are synchronously rotated by delta beta, synchronously and horizontally moved from Z=Z to Z=Z along the -Z axis and collect the projection data, and the steps are repeated until the projection angle satisfies pi+2 gamma<=beta<=2pi. The linear array detector and the X-ray source constitute a two-dimensional fan-beam scanning plane, and meanwhile, the linear array detector and the X-ray source are horizontally moved at the fixed projection angle to achieve longitudinal coverage of the scanning visual field; and overall scanning of a scanned object can be completed with the rotation angle of the scanning method not exceeding 360 degrees, compared with spiral scanning and rotation-horizontally moving scanning, the rotation angle range of the linear array detector and the X-ray source is lowered, and then the difficulty of system design is lowered.