The present invention provides a weight determination method and device for slanted image aerial triangulation adjustment. According to the method and device for the slanted image aerial triangulationadjustment of the invention, a normalized scale factor and a relative anisotropic ground sampling distance are determined, so that priori weights in an x direction and a y direction are obtained; thenormalized scale factor reflects difference between the pixel scale of an scale image and the pixel scale of a vertical bottom-view image; the anisotropic ground sampling distance reflects the difference of the ground sampling distance of the pixels of the slanted image in the x direction and the ground sampling distance of the pixels of the slanted image in the y direction; and the priori weights in the x direction and the y direction which are determined on the basis of the two kinds of difference can objectively reflect the projection characteristics of the pixels of the slanted image, theaccuracy of the weights can be improved, and the accuracy of the adjustment method can be further improved.