The invention relates to the technical fields of natural gas and oil excavation, and discloses a piston plunger operation device. The piston plunger operation device is provided with a pipe-shaped base body, the pipe-shaped base body is used for accommodating a fishing head of a piston plunger. A driving mechanism drives a control part to move in the up-and-down direction, so that a capturing mechanism is further controlled to transform between a capturing state and a releasing state to capture the fishing head in the base body or to release the fishing head in the base body. In this way, thepiston plunger operation device can be installed in a wellhead pipeline in the axial direction of the wellhead pipeline; and in other words, the piston plunger operation device can be installed in thewellhead pipeline in the mode of being coaxial or basically coaxial or parallel with the wellhead pipeline. The piston plunger operation device can be connected with the wellhead pipeline in a threaded mode, can further be fixed into the wellhead pipeline, and can further be arranged in the wellhead pipeline in an axially movable mode. In this way, welding work in the installation process is avoided.