The invention provides a method for online real-time single cigarette quality data one-by-one synchronization method during a cigarette rolling process. The method comprises the following steps: stepone, establishing a shift register; step two, monitoring a machine synchronization pulse and SE-to-MAX cigarette connecting signal continuously; step three, under the condition of existence of the synchronization pulse of the machine and the SE-to-MAX cigarette connecting signal, inputting a detecting value corresponding to the cigarette at a current time in an SE state into the shift register oneby one; step four, monitoring a cigarette existence detector of a MAX cigarette detection system continuously under the condition of continuous relay flowing of the cigarette at a MAX part; step five, representing imminent entrance of a cigarette into the cigarette detection system under the condition of having a rising edge in the cigarette existence detector signal and inputting a detecting value of the MAX cigarette detection system into the shift register one by one; step six, representing a state of arrival of the cigarette at a MAX outlet by a cigarette outlet sensor and inputting a cigarette track number, a time stamp, and a cigarette state one cigarette by one cigarette under the condition of having a rising edge signal by the sensor; step seven, carrying out caching; and step eight, carrying out compression.