The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering machine equipment, in particular to a cubic quantity detection device and method used for material volume cutting and transporting in an engineering machine and a cantilever heading machine. The device comprises a material evening mechanism and a cubic quantity detection mechanism, wherein the material evening mechanism is arranged abovea transporter chute and fixed to a side plate of a transporter and used for detecting the state of material blocking of the transporter and spreading materials on the transporter uniformly; the cubicquantity detection mechanism is fixed to a support and the side plate of the transporter, wherein the support is equal to the transporter in width, and therefore the cubic quantity detection mechanismis used for detecting cubic quantity calculation parameters of the materials of the transporter and feeding the parameters back to a background processor used for calculating the cubic quantity of the materials. Through the cubic quantity detection mechanism, automatic measurement is realized and replaces manual measurement, in this way, working efficiency of measurement is improved, and the probability of safety accidents of a measurement worker on a scene is lowered; a user can master the construction progress of the scene in real time according to measurement data, reasonably arrange dispatching equipment to enter and exit from the scene and other work, and measure the engineering machine cutting or transporting cubic quantity accurately in real time, in this way, efficiency is high, errors are small, and engineering application prospects are broad.