The invention discloses an external counterpulsation device based on pneumatic artificial muscle. The external counterpulsation device is characterized in that the pneumatic artificial muscle is usedas a counterpulsation air bag, and accurate and effective sequential counterpulsation treatment can be realized. The device comprises the following parts: a pneumatic artificial muscle counterpulsation air bag, a pressure boost module, a control module and a sensor module, wherein the pneumatic artificial muscle counterpulsation air bag comprises pneumatic artificial muscle and a counterpulsationbandage for extracting a counterpulsation position; the pressure boost module comprises an air pump, an air storage bottle and a solenoid valve and is used for providing compressed air for the counterpulsation air bag; the control module comprises a single chip microcomputer, a touch screen and a relay, and is used for controlling counterpulsation treatment parameters; the sensor module comprisesan electrocardio sensor, a pressure sensor and a pulse wave sensor and is used for feeding back a physiological signal. According to the device, the mechanical efficiency of the counterpulsation air bag is improved, more accurate sequential counterpulsation can be carried out, and the device is suitable for the rehabilitation of ischemic cardiovascular diseases.