The invention discloses a construction method of a shield shaft. The method comprises the following steps that 1, an underground continuous wall enclosure structure of the shaft is constructed; 2, thestratum at the end of the shield shaft is reinforced; 3, the upper 20-m portion of the shaft is divided into four layers, and excavation and erection of a steel bracing support system are conducted layer by layer; 4, the lower portion of the shaft is divided into five layers, and the fifth layer to the ninth layer of the shaft are excavated separately; 5, the pit bottom of the shaft is treated, pile head concrete of an uplift pile is broken and removed at first, then the bottom is manually cleaned, base cushioning and water proofing construction is carried out, finally, bottom plate steel ribs are tied, and concrete is poured; 6, a shaft support is disassembled, and side walls and columns are constructed. The construction method of the shield shaft has the advantages that through construction methods of vertical layering, construction from top to bottom and support at first and afterwards excavation, the construction efficiency of the shield shaft is effectively improved; by setting the steps of reinforcing a shield receiving end, the shield receiving end is effectively protected against damage in the construction process of the shaft.