The invention provides an oil-containing sludge catalytic pyrolysis system and an oil-containing sludge catalytic pyrolysis treatment process, and relates to the field of waste resource treatment. Theoil-containing sludge catalytic pyrolysis system comprises a carrier gas device, a first reaction device, a second reaction device and a condensing device. The first reaction device is used for pyrolyzing the oil-containing sludge to generate oil steam. The second reaction device is used for receiving the oil steam and catalytically reacting the oil steam to promote reflux of heavy components andrecovery of light components. The condensing device is used to condense the light components. The oil-containing sludge catalytic pyrolysis treatment process comprises the following steps of: pyrolyzing the oil-containing sludge to generate the oil steam; carrying catalytic reaction on the oil steam to promote reflux of the heavy components and recovery of the light components; the heavy components are refluxed and pyrolyzed again; the light components are subjected to condensation treatment to recover the oil. The oil-containing sludge catalytic pyrolysis system and the oil-containing sludgecatalytic pyrolysis treatment process can improve the quality of recovered oil.