The invention discloses a high-voltage DC breaker semiconductor module protection circuit. The high-voltage DC breaker semiconductor module protection circuit comprises: a DC power supply branch. Theprotection circuit comprises a DC power supply branch, a fault current generating branch, a thyristor voltage limiting branch, a semiconductor component branch and an energy absorption branch. The DCpower supply branch is connected in parallel with the fault current generating branch, the fault current generating branch, the thyristor voltage limiting branch and the semiconductor component branchare connected in series in order, and the semiconductor component branch is connected in parallel with the energy absorption branch. The DC power supply branch is configured to supply the power supply; the fault current generating branch is configured to generate a simulation fault current according to the power supply; the thyristor voltage limiting branch is configured to limit a reverse voltage; the semiconductor component branch is configured to switch off the simulation fault current; and the energy absorption branch is configured to absorb the energy generated when the semiconductor component branch switches off the simulation fault current. The high-voltage DC breaker semiconductor module protection circuit can prevent a test reactor from being broken down by over-voltage while verifying the fault switching-off capacity of the high-voltage DC breaker semiconductor module.