The invention provides a spinning machine fault monitoring system based on an image recognition technology. The spinning machine fault monitoring system comprises a server side and terminals connectedwith the server side and arranged on all spinning machines. The terminal comprises a control device and an image acquisition device which are connected with the server; the control device is arrangedon the spinning machine and used for controlling the working state of the spinning machine. The image collecting device is arranged at the position, capable of monitoring the spinning operation stateof the spinning window area, in the spinning machine. According to the invention, a plurality of spinning devices can be monitored at the same time; the working state of each spinning machine is monitored in real time, when an abnormal state occurs, problems are quickly found out, the fault problem of the corresponding spinning machine with faults is solved through the control device, the labor cost and the time cost of monitoring are greatly reduced, and convenience is brought to management work of spinning machine workshops.