The invention belongs to the technical field of petrochemical industry, and particularly relates to a hydrocarbon-based steam conversion acidic water recovery and utilization apparatus and a hydrocarbon-based steam conversion acidic water recovery and utilization method. The apparatus comprises a medium-temperature shift reactor, which is connected to a heat exchanger A, wherein the heat exchangerA is connected to a heat exchanger B, the heat exchanger B is connected to a steam drum, the steam drum is connected to a water-steam separator, the top outlet of the water-steam separator is connected to a first water separator, the bottom liquid discharge port of the water-steam separator is connected to a steam stripping tower, the top gas outlet of the first water separator is respectively connected to a heat exchanger C and an air cooler, the heat exchanger C is connected to a second water separator, the top gas outlet of the second water separator is connected to a third water separator, the air cooler is connected to the third water separator, the upper gas outlet of the third water separator is connected to a heat exchanger D, the heat exchanger D is connected to a fourth water separator, and the bottom liquid discharge ports of the first water separator, the second water separator, the third water separator and the fourth water separator are respectively connected to the inlet of the steam stripping tower. According to the present invention, the apparatus is simple, is low in running cost, and can reduce the acidic water treatment load; and the method has characteristicsof reasonable process and strong operability.