The invention discloses a pipeline planning method and device based on data driven modeling and simulation optimization, and belongs to the field of production line planning and design. The method comprises a step of performing rapid analysis on each data of an assembly line based on data driving and building a data model, a step of building a simulation model based on the data model through hierarchical modeling and driving the simulation model to run, outputting an simulation result and evaluating a result according to set indicators, continuously optimizing and improving the unreasonable allocation of device resources, and quickly performing reasonable pipeline planning and design. According to the invention, the model is quickly established through data driving, the model has good flexibility and reusability, the simulation model can be driven by modifying external data to run different simulation tests, the flexibility, versatility and portability of the simulation model are enhanced, the planning efficiency is improved, and the efficiency is improved and the correctness is ensured on the basis of automatic rapid modeling.