The invention provides a vision aided landing navigation method of a fixed wing aircraft based on homography transformation. The method comprises the steps of: (1) actual runway feature detection process: acquiring video, enhancing an image and detecting features of an actual runway, (2) synthesized runway feature detection process: reading an original pose parameter of an inertia measurement unit, calculating a pose parameter of a virtual camera, reading geographic information of an airport, and calculating features of the synthesized runway through the original pose parameter and the geographic information of the airport, (3) homography matrix construction process: receiving the features of the actual runway and the synthesized runway, and constructing a homography matrix of the virtualcamera to an actual camera, and (4) vision inertia fusion process: reading original measurement parameters, reading the homography matrix, performing non-linear Kalman filtering, correcting the original pose parameter, and obtaining the corrected pose parameter.