The invention discloses a treatment and reuse system and method for a lithium-aluminum alloy chemical milling waste liquor. The treatment and reuse system for the lithium-aluminum alloy chemical milling waste liquor comprises a chemical-milling waste liquor separating unit, a nanometer gamma-AlOOH synthesis unit, a chemical-milling waste liquor reclamation and reuse unit and a sludge dewatering unit. After a chemical waste liquor is separated by a membrane separator, filter residues are sent to the sludge dewatering unit, a filter liquor enters the nanometer gamma-AlOOH synthesis unit to generate a nanometer gamma-AlOOH aqueous solution, block-shaped nanometer gamma-AlOOH obtained from the aqueous solution under the action of a precision micro-filter is conveyed to a drying area to obtaina product; and the filter liquor returns to a chemical milling processing groove tank to be reused after being supplemented with chemical milling raw materials to finish one loop circulation. According to the treatment and reuse system and method for the lithium-aluminum alloy chemical milling waste liquor, purposes of treating the chemical milling waste liquor and recycling aluminum resources aresimultaneously realized. In addition, after the content of sodium metaaluminate in the chemical milling waste liquor is effectively reduced, the system reaches production and processing requirementsof the chemical milling liquor after being tempered, and the reclamation and the reuse of waste water and corrosion inhibitor are realized. The treatment and reuse system for the lithium-aluminum alloy chemical milling waste liquor, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of clean production, such as mild production condition, low energy consumption, clean production resource recycling andmaterial closed-loop circulation.