The invention discloses an online monitoring method for the abrasion forms and the abrasion state of a drill bit in the high-temperature alloy drilling process. The online monitoring method is used for solving the technical problem that an existing drilling process drill bit abrasion state monitoring method is poor in applicability. According to the technical scheme, signal features are extractedfrom the influence rule of drilling force signals based on the different drill bit abrasion forms of the high-temperature alloy drilling process, and a Bayesian network model of the drill bit abrasionforms and the signal features is set up through the drilling force and drill bit abrasion data based on the Bayesian theory on this basis; and then the drill bit abrasion forms are judged through Bayesian diagnosis and inference according to monitoring signals, and the signal features influencing the abrasion forms are acquired through Bayesian causal reasoning. Meanwhile, according to the tool abrasion curve rule, the signal features are monitored through an accumulation and control chart method, the target of monitoring the drill bit abrasion states in real time is achieved, and high practicality is achieved.