The invention discloses an image reconstruction quadrilateral mesh method based on a voxel model. The method includes S1, converting CT images to text formats and performing smoothing processing; S2,selecting that gray value and using the interpolation method to extract the equivalent point as the point cloud data; S3, constructing an initial voxel model according to the stacked cube method, optimizing the voxel model, and extracting an outer surface of the voxel model by depth-first searching; S4, calculating a normal vector of each vertex on the outer surface of the voxel model, and searching a point cloud point closest to the normal vector as a mapping point of the vertex through a domain searching method; S5, adjusting the vertices of the quadrilateral mesh to the center of gravity, remapping the vertices, and performing mesh collapse processing on the quadrilateral mesh. The invention also discloses an image reconstruction quadrilateral mesh system based on a voxel model. By adopting the invention, the quadrilateral mesh can be directly reconstructed from the point cloud, and different voxel cube sizes can be selected to control the fineness of the generated quadrilateral mesh.