The invention relates to a calibration method of an optical reference member capable of providing position and angle reference. A paraboloid of revolution array is processed on the surface of the optical reference member to be calibrated, the adopted device comprises an auxiliary motion platform, an optical position reading head and a laser interferometer. The following steps are adopted: selecting, by an interference mirror group and a reflector, a straightness measurement mirror group, so that the optical position reading head moves within the range of a reference point P(1,1) of the paraboloid array of the reference member under the carrying of a motion axis, and recording a zero point calibrated by the system; calibrating a y direction distance between the center of each paraboloid ona reference row and the reference point P(1,1); calibrating an x direction distance between the center of each paraboloid on a reference column and the reference point P(1,1); with the ith row of paraboloid P(i,1) of the reference column as a starting point, calibrating the distance x(i,j) between the ith row of paraboloid P(i,1) and the P(i,1) on the x direction; with the jth column of paraboloid P(i,j) of the reference row as the starting point, calibrating the distance y(i,j) between the jth column of paraboloid P(i,j) and the P(1,j) on the y direction; and obtaining a distance calibrationmatrix between the points on the paraboloid array and the reference point.