The invention discloses an anti-theft method and a system based on electronic file authentication. The anti-theft method comprises the steps of performing relation binding between a data receiving device and a vehicle-mounted monitoring device; when the data receiving device receives the message uploaded by the vehicle-mounted monitoring device, initiating data synchronization; responding to a data receiving device by the vehicle-mounted monitoring device within a preset time, if there is no reply receive, terminating the process, if a reply is received, certifying the on-board monitoring equipment, after the authentication is passed, uploading the on-board monitoring equipment and the data receiving equipment by the early warning data. The system comprises a data receiving device and a plurality of on-board monitoring devices. The data receiving device and the vehicle-mounted monitoring device carry out data interaction through wireless signals. The invention ensures that the activation device is converted from a sleep mode to a working mode by setting a data synchronization mechanism, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the communication link and increasing the difficulty ofdeciphering the message content, thereby realizing timely early warning and ensuring the safety of the vehicle.