The invention provides a gas recovery and compression device. The gas recovery and compression device is characterized by comprising a screw rod type compressor, a buffer device and a reciprocating compressor, wherein the screw rod type compressor, the buffer device and the reciprocating compressor are sequentially connected in the gas flowing direction, the screw rod type compressor is used forcompressing the gas from the exterior, the buffer device is used for buffering the output gas from the screw rod type compressor, and the reciprocating compressor is used for compressing the gas fromthe buffer device and outputting the high-pressure gas, the gas recovery and compression device further comprises a first compressor driving device driving the screw rod type compressor and a second compressor driving device driving the reciprocating compressor. The invention further discloses a helium gas recovery system comprising the gas recovery and compression device. The gas recovery and compression device and the helium gas recovery system comprising the same have the advantage of being high in gas recovery efficiency, compact in structure, free of external power supply and wide in an application range.