The invention discloses a center-staged low emission combustion chamber head with a pneumatic guide and anti-backfire structure. The pneumatic guide and anti-backfire design is adopted. Air passing through the head enters flame tubes through a main combustion stage channel, an outer ring channel, a precombustion stage channel and an interstage section channel separately, wherein the air passing through the interstage section channel enters the main combustion stage channel finally, thereby enabling the flow flare angle of oil-gas mixtures in the main combustion stage channel to increase; and thus, the structural design of the interstage section channel has the pneumatic guide function, and the ignition performance is optimized; the generation amount of contaminants is reduced. The air passing through the outer ring channel finally enters the main combustion stage channel radially; and due to existence of the radial velocity, the occurrence of the backfire phenomenon is avoided effectively, so the structural design of the outer ring channel has the anti-backfire function, and the reliability of the head structure is improved. Thus, the structural design of the combustion chamber head has the pneumatic guide and anti-backfire functions.