The invention discloses an early screening and recognition method for a cervical cancer based on a colposcopic image, which is characterized in that the screening and recognition process comprises thesteps of opening a bivalve speculum, and exposing the cervix; performing pre-acetic acid image acquisition on a cervical region by using a camera with a light source system; applying an acetic acid reagent to the cervical surface with a cotton ball, pressing the acetic acid cotton ball against the cervical surface to dehydrate mucosa cell nucleuses for 30-60s, automatically timing, and automatically reminding the doctor to take out the acetic acid cotton ball when the set timing time approaches; taking out the cotton ball after the waiting time, and automatically capturing cervical change images after the acetic acid by the equipment at a certain time interval; performing image recognition analysis by the background on an image before the acetic acid and a set time period after the aceticacid, and then transforming the generated comparison data to form a suspected lesion region for display. The early screening and recognition method improves the cervical recognition effect, and is more acceptable in clinic and higher in accuracy.