The invention discloses an explosion-proof atmosphere detection device for dust. The structure of the device comprises an explosion-proof dust atmosphere monitoring equipment main body, a top circulating water storage tank, a dust content detection internal transmission case and a bottom circulating water storage tank, wherein an atmosphere dust detection pipeline, an atmosphere dust emission boxcircuit detection device, an atmosphere dust emission case transmission device and an atmosphere dust purification emission pipeline are arranged in the dust content detection internal transmission case; the atmosphere dust content detection circuit control case is provided with a second internal circuit control transmission motor, a third control circuit connecting wire, a second circuit controlpower pack and a water flow sensing rotating paddle board, so that when the equipment is used, the flow velocity of water can be controlled by dust agglutination of a first dust filtering net and a second dust filtering net; and therefore, the voltage value of the circuit is controlled, the atmosphere dust emission case transmission device is controlled to perform atmospheric replacement accordingto the voltage value so as to purify the air. The explosion-proof atmosphere detection device is applicable to detection and control of indoor atmosphere dust, and is practical and effective.