The invention provides a satellite navigation and positioning observation value weighing method and device. A BDS satellite observation value and observation quantity residual after pre-adjustment areacquired, and a weight ratio of observation values of different track types of the BDS is determined; according to an original observation value, pseudo-range observation value noise of each satellite in the current epoch is solved in real time; and by using the observation value weight ratio and pseudo-range observation value variance, an observation value variance matrix is classified and solved in real time. In consideration of ionospheric disturbance, multipath effects and observation noise, an observation value with better quality is selected to participate in solution, the pseudo-rangeobservation value noise of each satellite in the current epoch is solved, convergence is accelerated, a real-time and reliable positioning result is obtained, and the solution precision is improved. In consideration of effective information in real-time data, the contribution of a different type of observation quantity in positioning and solution is clarified, the positioning stability is improved, the method is easy to extend, and better position reference is provided for GNSS real-time navigation positioning and atmospheric inversion application.