The invention discloses a method for determining piano keyboard positions and pitches of musical notes of a music score based on an auxiliary teaching aid. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, writing the numbered musical notation of the music score in a numbered musical notation writing region of the auxiliary teaching aid; step 2, converting the musical notes into conversion notes according to a conversion comparison table of the auxiliary teaching aid, and correspondingly writing the obtained conversion notes in a conversion note writing region; step 3, according to the key signature of the music score, adding N to the conversion notes or subtracting N from the conversion notes to obtain keyboard position notes, and writing the keyboard position notes in a piano keyboard note writing region of the auxiliary teaching aid, wherein N is the number of the semi-tone interval difference between the key signature of the music score and the key C; and step 4, based on the keyboard position notes obtained in the step 3, determining piano keyboard positions and pitches according to a piano keyboard hinting region of the auxiliary teaching aid. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the method is convenient to understand and master and can greatly improve the teaching efficiency.