The invention discloses a dynamic target efficient tracking image data transmission method and system. The method comprises the following steps of collecting video data, framing a target, identifyinga foreground extraction target, determining an adjusting parameter, and simplifying and compressing the video; the system comprises a video collection module, a storage module, a dynamic target framing processing module, a foreground extraction module, a data modelling module, a pixel classification module, a dynamic target generation module, a location calibration module, an adjusting parameter generation module, a video data compressing processing module and a communication module. Through the tracking method and system disclosed by the invention, the dynamic target in the video image can beaccurately extracted, and the collection angle and direction of the video can be synchronously adjusted according to the movement of the target, thereby clearly and completely collecting the dynamictarget image at any time; the data size in the video transmission is reduced, and the accurate effectiveness of the dynamic target information is guaranteed; and the method and system have high practical value and extensive application prospect.