The invention provides a pneumatic test data management method for an aircraft. The method comprises the following steps: a characteristic obtaining step of analyzing a test train number table to obtain a test data characteristic; a template matching step of matching a data template according to the test data characteristic; and a data mapping step of mapping parameter variable names obtained froma test data file to standard variables in a database through the data template. Accordingly, the invention further provides a pneumatic test data management system for the aircraft. According to themethod and the system, the train number table is analyzed and converted, and the information matching is carried out through the data template, so that rapid storage of pneumatic test data is realized; and the data variable names are dynamically mapped, so that the original data variable names are not changed, and the data access function of standardized variable names can be provided.