The invention discloses a real simulative hydraulic pressure stratum structure evolution device and method. The device comprises a main frame, front and rear visual baffles, a vertical loading device,a lateral loading device and a large-sized test piece. The main frame is provided with the vertical loading device and the lateral loading device using hydraulic cylinders to load. The vertical loading device is arranged above a test piece and is used for applying a vertical load to the test piece in a test table through the hydraulic servo cylinder. The lateral loading device is arranged in theside of the main frame and is used for applying a lateral load to a test piece in a model box. The bottom plate of the box is provided with a liquid injection hole. The liquid injection hole is connected to a water supply device. A servo-stabilized water supply device is used for injecting controllable stabilized water into a water storage pressing groove through the liquid injection hole. The device can determine the pressure of each one of vertical and lateral loading plates according to different test conditions and water pressure, study pressed water and prefabricate evolution cases of different stratum structures under different stratum coupling conditions in the test piece preparation.