The invention relates to a multi-cylinder magneto-rheological antiskid differential which comprises a planetary differential gear train and a multi-cylinder magneto-rheological device. The planetary differential gear train comprises a shell, a planetary gear and a planetary shaft, wherein the planetary gear is rotatably connected to the shell through the planetary shaft; the multi-cylinder magneto-rheological device comprises an outer friction drum of a brake fixedly connected to the shell, an inner friction drum of the brake fixedly connected to the planetary gear, a magneto-rheological fluidand an excitation device; the outer friction drum of the brake and the inner friction drum of a heat exchange brake are arranged coaxial with the planetary shaft; a gap exists between the walls of the outer friction drum and the inner friction drum, the end parts of the outer friction drum and the inner friction drum are connected hermetically, and the magneto-rheological fluid fills the gap; andthe excitation device provides a magnetic field to the gap. According to the multi-cylinder magneto-rheological antiskid differential provided by the invention, the anti-shearing force of the magneto-rheological fluid is changed under control of the magnetic field, so that the damping force between the outer friction drum of the brake and the inner friction drum of the brake is changed. The multi-cylinder magneto-rheological antiskid differential is compact in structure, the damping force is adjustable in size and precise to control, and the output control of the differential is precise and sensitive.