The present application discloses a temperature measuring device including a thermocouple (4), a first test lead (51), a second test lead (52), an adapter socket (6), a signal acquisition device (9),and thermostat devices disposed on both sides of the adapter socket (6). The temperature measuring device can accurately acquires a temperature signal in a low pressure environment. On the basis of not changing the hardware configuration of the existing collection equipment, a set of socket thermostat devices are designed for the adapter socket (6) to control and maintain the temperature inside and outside the copper pin of the adapter socket (6) of a low pressure bulkhead in a uniform and stable temperature environment, the high-precision transmission of the temperature test signal in a low-pressure chamber (1) is completed, the flexibility of the test system is enhanced, the test capability of the existing equipment is expanded, and the economic cost is saved.