The invention relates to an attapulgite composite material and an application thereof. The attapulgite composite material prepared by attapulgite exchange/loading/assembly/bonding of alkali metal elements is applied to deacidification of literature paper of books and archives. The attapulgite composite material prepared by the invention is used for the deacidification of the literature paper of the books and the archives; and the composite material has the following advantages: attapulgite is a natural mineral, the raw material is easy to obtain, and the attapulgite has a higher content of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and a special structure; the attapulgite composite material has a higher content of the alkali metals and stronger alkalinity; the alkali metals in pores of the attapulgite composite material have a slow-release effect, and can maintain the literature paper alkaline for a long time; and a dispersion medium is a hydrofluoroalkane and non-flammable, has a low boiling point, is easy to volatilize, and has a very small damage effect on the literature paper and writing.