The invention discloses a dual-support dual-stator permanent magnet synchronous traction machine. The dual-support dual-stator permanent magnet synchronous traction machine comprises a first shell, asecond shell, a first stator assembly, a second stator assembly, a first rotor assembly, a second rotor assembly, an encoder, a brake and the like; the permanent magnets of the first rotor assembly are annularly and radially arranged on the inner circumferential surface of a brake drum; the permanent magnets of the second rotor assembly are annularly and radially arranged on the inner circumferential surface of a traction wheel; the first stator assembly and the first rotor assembly interact to generate torque; the second stator assembly and the second rotor assembly interact to generate torque; the first stator assembly and the second stator assembly can be powered-on and loaded synchronously, and also can be powered on and loaded separately; and each stator assembly can drive the rotor assemblies to rotate. Compared with the traction machine of the conventional structure, the dual-support dual-stator permanent magnet synchronous traction machine disclosed in the invention is more stable and compacted in the overall structure, so that the power density and the traction loading capacity of the traction machine are improved, and the design difficulty of the heavy-load traction machine is solved.