The invention provides a steel macrostructure and defect acid etching inspection work table and a use method thereof. The work table is provided with a pedal jack capable of realizing test piece levelling and a set of specific test piece clamps capable of fixing steel billet test pieces in different sizes and different shapes; the work table is provided with a dust removal device, a liquid discharging device and a water inlet and drying device. According to macrostructure and defect inspection requirements of different steel, a handheld polishing machine stuck with flocking sandpaper sharpeneror polishing felt is used for performing grinding or polishing on the test piece surface; the preparation of the steel billet test pieces is completed; a corroding agent is selected for performing pouring etching or wiping etching on the test piece inspection surface for completing the acid etching operation. The problems that during the traditional macrostructure inspection of steel, large-dimension test pieces cannot be subjected to grinding polishing or metallographic etching, and the operation needs a plurality of platforms, and the like are solved; in addition, dust and acid liquid generated in the operation are collected and stored in a separated way, so that the environment pollution caused by the inspection is avoided.