The invention provides a hollow spherical structural optical fiber based stress and refractive index sensor. The sensor comprises a broadband light source, a first connecting optical fiber, a first hollow spherical optical fiber, a middle section connecting optical fiber, a second hollow spherical optical fiber, a second connecting optical fiber and a spectrum analyzer, wherein the broadband lightsource, the first connecting optical fiber, the first hollow spherical optical fiber, the middle section connecting optical fiber, the second hollow spherical optical fiber, the second connecting optical fiber and the spectrum analyzer are sequentially connected; the first hollow spherical optical fiber and the second hollow spherical optical fiber are hollow spheres which are formed by heating and expanding optical fibers into bubbles. According to the sensor, an optical fiber covering die and a die core die are utilized to perform interference to obtain stress sensitive property; in case ofchange of the stress of the optical fibers, the length of the optical fibers and the diameter of the optical fibers are changed, transmission spectrum curves are deviated, and the refractive index changes when the optical fiber sensor enters refractive index solutions with different concentration.