The invention discloses a digital drilling real-time classification method for a surrounding rock of underground engineering. The method comprises the following steps: making a field drilling test onan underground engineering field to obtain a drilling parameter, obtaining uniaxial compressive strength of a rock body through a model of relationships between drilling parameters and uniaxial compressive strength of rock bodies, obtaining a rock body breaking coefficient on the basis of a model of relationships between drilling parameters and rock body breaking coefficients, obtaining equivalentuniaxial compressive strength from the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock body and the rock body breaking coefficient by use of a uniaxial compressive strength correction formula, obtaining displacement of the surrounding rock by use of a model of relationships between equivalent uniaxial compressive strength and displacement of surrounding rocks, and further classifying the surrounding rock in real time according to the displacement of the surrounding rock. The method has the characteristic of real-time accurate prediction; the displacement of the surrounding rock is reversely deducedaccording to the drilling parameter obtained in field, thereby accurately classifying the surrounding rock in real time by use of the stability of the surrounding rock and providing a basis for design and construction of underground engineering; disturbance in a process of delivering a rock sample to a laboratory is avoided, meanwhile, the test time is shortened to a great extent and manpower andmaterial resources are saved.