The invention discloses a multifunctional air purification device. According to the multifunctional air purification device, the right side of an air inlet is connected with a fan chamber; a transmission shaft is mounted in the fan chamber, the top of the transmission shaft is connected with a motor, and fan blades are mounted at the bottom of the transmission shaft; a first purification cavity and a second purification cavity are formed in the right side of the fan chamber; a negative ion generator is mounted in the first purification cavity, and the upper portion of the negative ion generator is connected with a servo motor outside a shell; a pollutant adhesion device is mounted on the negative iron generator; an active carbon filter layer is mounted in the second purification cavity; and an HEPA filter screen is mounted on the right side of the active carbon filter layer, and an ultraviolet sterilization lamp is mounted on the right side of the HEPA filter screen. The multifunctional air purification device can recognize harmful substances in air through an air quality detection device; and after the harmful substances are distinguished, the first purification cavity or the second purification cavity is used for purification in a targeted mode, and thus, the purification efficiency is effectively improved.