The invention relates to a hydropower unit health evaluation method. The method is characterized by comprising steps that 1), real-time online monitoring data of a hydropower unit in the present stateis acquired, and vibration characteristics of the hydropower unit are analyzed; 2), real-time online monitoring data of the hydropower unit in a healthy state under different operation conditions isacquired, correlation between the different operation conditions and state parameters of the hydropower unit in the healthy state is analyzed, and a vibration health standard model of the hydropower unit is established; and 3), according to the established vibration health standard model of the hydropower unit and the real-time online monitoring data of the hydropower unit, health state evaluationof the hydropower unit in the present state is carried out, and the health state of the hydropower unit under the present state is acquired. The method is advantaged in that visual property and strong timeliness are realized, and the method can be widely applied to the operation guarantee field of the hydropower unit.