The present invention discloses a power network fault area rapid identification method based on an outage distribution transformer and topology analysis. The method comprises the steps of: randomly searching a downward outage distribution transformer at a transformer substation feeder exit; reversely searching an upstream nearest switch of a line where the outage distribution transformer is located; performing downward traversing by employing the switch, and searching a line outage distribution transformer ratio; and determining a line state according to the line outage distribution transformer ratio, determining whether downward outage distribution transformers of the transformer substation feeder exit are all inquired or not, if yes, determining areas between the upstream nearest switchof the uppermost outage line and next-grade switches and fault areas, or else, continuously randomly searching a downward outage distribution transformer at the transformer substation feeder exit, andcircularly performing the steps mentioned above until the downward outage distribution transformers at the transformer substation feeder exit are all inquired. The power network fault area rapid identification method based on the outage distribution transformer and the topology analysis can rapidly identify the outage fault areas in the power distribution network based on the real-time data of determination of whether distribution transformers are powered out or not in an electricity consumption information collection system and a line topological structure in a production management system so as to provide assistant decision-making support for dispatching, patrol and first-aid repair of the distribution network.