The invention belongs to the technical field of display and discloses a display substrate and a display panel. The display substrate comprises a substrate base plate which is provided with a first functional pattern, and a peripheral area of the substrate base plate with the first functional pattern is provided with holes. The substrate base plate with the first functional pattern is provided witha second functional pattern and filler structures, the second functional pattern comprises at least one pattern, and the filler structures are positioned in the holes and comprise structures in co-layer arrangement with at least one pattern in the second functional pattern. The holes in the peripheral area of the substrate base plate are filled through the filler structures in co-layer arrangement with at least one pattern in the second functional pattern, so that segment gap between the holes and other areas can be reduced, and gathering of a great quantity of alignment liquid into the holesis avoided. In addition, the problem of thickness nonuniformity of alignment layers in correlation techniques is solved, and thickness uniformity of the alignment layers is improved.