The invention belongs to the technical field of novel materials and relates to a preparation method of a nano composite material with an embedded noble metal Pd/BiVO4@RuIII-TA core-shell structure. The nano composite material with the embedded noble metal Pd/BiVO4@RuIII-TA core-shell structure can be directly synthesized in one step under normal-temperature and normal-pressure stirring by combining BiVO4, RuCl3, PdCl2 and a tannic acid solution in one step and ingeniously utilizing dual effects of the tannic acid for forming a complex shell layer with Ru<3+> and also reducing Pd<2+> to obtainpalladium nanoparticles, so that the application range of the BiVO4 and the tannic acid is greatly expanded. The nano composite material provided by the invention has the advantages of environment friendliness, simplicity, easiness for obtaining and the like. The synthesized nano composite material has high stability and excellent adsorption and degradation performance, and can be widely applied to fields of biomedicines, biological sensors, catalysis, removal of organic pollutants in wastewater, reduction of heavy metal ions and the like.