The invention provides a surface coordinate far-distance measuring device of a special-shaped structure. The device is composed of a base, base installation holes, two spherical prisms, two prism fixing plates, screw holes, fixing bolts, anti-loose springs, embedded magnets, an alignment notch groove and a precise alignment point. For the situation that far-distance direct measurement can not be conducted on the surface of a component of the special-shaped structure through a traditional single prism and a reflector, by making a to-be-measured point on the surface of the component of the special-shaped structure make close contact with the precise alignment point of the measuring device, measuring three-dimensional coordinates of central measurement points of the two spherical prisms in afar distance, and converting the coordinates into coordinates of the to-be-measured point according to a corresponding design formula, the far-distance direct measurement of the three-dimensional coordinates of the surface of the special-shaped structure is realized; meanwhile, by arranging the anti-loose springs, it is ensured that the spherical prisms are in a steady state on the base, the measurement precision is improved, and the measuring device is simple in structure, convenient to install, capable of being repeatedly used and simple in calculation formula.