The invention more specifically relates to a temperature-sensitive flame-retardant microcapsule, a preparation method thereof, and a silica gel foamed material containing the temperature-sensitive flame-retardant microcapsule. The preparation method is mainly used for solving problems in the prior art that increasing of the flame resistance of silica gel foamed materials is limited by conventionalfire retardant adding method, and material mechanical properties and physical mechanical properties are influenced. The temperature-sensitive flame-retardant microcapsule comprises a capsule wall anda core layer; the core layer is coated by the capsule wall; the core layer is a fire retardant; the capsule wall is composed of ultraviolet light cured polysiloxane, a middle and high temperature foaming agent, a surfactant, a photoinitiator, and tetramethylol methane tetraacrylate. The compatibility of the temperature-sensitive flame-retardant microcapsule with silica gel is excellent; flame resistance is achieved through release of the fire retardant in the temperature-sensitive flame-retardant microcapsule; when indoor combustion is caused, expansion of the middle and high temperature foaming agent in the capsule wall is realized, the capsule wall is broken, the fire retardant in the core material is released, so that flame retardation is realized effectively.